Catholic Counter-Reformation Overview

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What was the Catholic Counter-Reformation?

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A movement by the Catholic Church to reform itself and respond to the Protestant Reformation.

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What were the main goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?

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To stop the spread of Protestantism and to strengthen and purify the Catholic Church.

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Who was St. Ignatius of Loyola?

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A Spanish priest who founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.

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What were the Jesuits known for during the Counter-Reformation?

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Their focus on education, missionary work, and defending Catholic beliefs.

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How did the Jesuits help the Catholic Church fight the spread of Protestantism?

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By teaching Catholic doctrine, converting people in other countries, and advising rulers.

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What was the Council of Trent?

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A series of meetings from 1545 to 1563 where Catholic leaders clarified Church teachings and made reforms.

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How did the Council of Trent address Protestant criticisms?

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It reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and corrected abuses like the sale of indulgences.

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What changes did the Council of Trent make within the Church?

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It improved the training of priests, banned false indulgences, and emphasized discipline and education.

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Why was the Catholic Counter-Reformation important for the Catholic Church?

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It revitalized the Church, strengthened its structure, and slowed the spread of Protestantism.

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What was the overall impact of the Counter-Reformation on Europe?

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It led to renewed religious enthusiasm, more clearly defined Catholic teachings, and deeper divisions between Protestants and Catholics.