Mitosis, Meiosis, Karyotypes, and Mutations Review

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What is mitosis?

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs).

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size, shape, and number.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A silent mutation is a type of mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein, resulting in no observable effect.

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What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

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Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse cells with half the chromosome number.

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What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

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During the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, while also performing its normal functions.

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What is the significance of the G0 phase?

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The G0 phase is a resting state where cells are not actively dividing and can exit the cell cycle, often seen in differentiated cells.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame and potentially changing the entire protein.

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How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

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Cancer cells often bypass normal regulatory mechanisms, allowing them to divide uncontrollably and avoid apoptosis.