PHHS Biology Category 3

Front

What are homologous structures?

Back

Anatomical structures originating from the same structure in an ancestral form, indicating a common ancestor.

Front

What does the presence of homologous structures in vertebrates suggest?

Back

All vertebrates have a common ancestor.

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What common characteristic do all animals to the right of the hagfish on a cladogram have?

Back

Jaws.

Front

Which organisms have hair according to the cladogram?

Back

Prosimians and humans.

Front

Which organism is least closely related to the chimpanzee?

Back

Monarch butterfly.

Front

Why are mutations important in biology?

Back

They bring about genetic variation needed for a population to evolve.

Front

What is the significance of genetic variation in a population?

Back

It allows for adaptation and evolution over time.

Front

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Back

A principle that describes the genetic variation in a population that is not evolving.

Front

What are the four main forces of evolution?

Back

Natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift.