AP Chemistry Unit 9 - Applications of Thermodynamics

Front

What is an endothermic process?

Back

An endothermic process is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat from its surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature of the surroundings.

Front

What happens during the melting of an ice cube?

Back

The melting of an ice cube is an endothermic process where heat is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the solid ice to change into liquid water.

Front

What is the standard cell potential (E°) for the reaction 2Al + 3Ni²⁺ → 2Al³⁺ + 3Ni?

Back

E° = 1.43 V.

Front

What does a positive E°cell indicate about a reaction?

Back

A positive E°cell indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.

Front

What does a negative G° indicate about a reaction?

Back

A negative G° indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.

Front

What is the half-reaction occurring at the anode during electrolysis of water?

Back

2 H₂O(l) → O₂(g) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 4 e⁻.

Front

What is the role of KMnO₄ in redox reactions?

Back

KMnO₄ acts as an oxidizing agent, facilitating the oxidation of other substances.

Front

How do you calculate the volume of a solution needed for a reaction?

Back

Use the formula: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, where M is molarity and V is volume.

Front

What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy (G) and cell potential (E)?

Back

G = -nFE, where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred and F is Faraday's constant.

Front

What is the significance of the standard state in thermodynamics?

Back

The standard state provides a reference point for measuring thermodynamic properties, typically at 1 atm and 25°C.