Karyotypes, Pedigrees, Blood Flashcard

Front

What is a karyotype?

Back

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size and shape, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

Front

What does a pedigree chart represent?

Back

A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors, used to track genetic traits across generations.

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What are the possible blood types a child can inherit from a parent with blood type A and a parent with blood type B?

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The possible blood types are A, B, AB, or O.

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What is the significance of the ABO blood group system?

Back

The ABO blood group system classifies human blood into four main types (A, B, AB, O) based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which is crucial for blood transfusions.

Front

What does it mean if a trait is autosomal recessive?

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An autosomal recessive trait requires two copies of the recessive allele for the trait to be expressed; individuals with one dominant allele and one recessive allele are carriers but do not express the trait.

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How can you determine the gender of an individual from a karyotype?

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The gender can be determined by the presence of sex chromosomes: XX indicates female and XY indicates male.

Front

What is the genotype of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder?

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The genotype must be homozygous recessive (hh) to express the disorder.

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What blood type can a person with genotype AO have?

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A blood type.

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If both parents have blood type O, what blood type can their children have?

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All children will have blood type O.

Front

What is the role of alleles in genetics?

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Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine specific traits; individuals inherit one allele from each parent.