Diagnostic Part 2: Cellular Genetics and Heredity

Front

What is the probability that offspring will have the dark hair phenotype if both parents are heterozygous?

Back

50%.

Front

How does crossing over of chromosomes affect the traits of offspring?

Back

It causes more variation in the traits of offspring.

Front

What does a mutation in a gene cause?

Back

It causes a gene to code for a different protein, and the organism develops a different trait.

Front

In a Punnett square, what is the percent chance that offspring from two heterozygous parents for dimples will have dimples?

Back

75%.

Front

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

Back

It allows for fast reproduction.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Front

Define genotype.

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, often represented by alleles.

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

To predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their trait even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

Front

What is genetic variation?

Back

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals, which can lead to different traits.