Cell Signaling Mechanisms Flashcard

Front

Type of cell communication involving direct contact between cells: Hormones, Gap junctions, Exocytosis, Second messengers.

Back

Gap junctions

Front

What is the primary role of a ligand in cell signaling?

Back

To bind to a receptor

Front

Explain how G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate a cellular response upon ligand binding.

Back

GPCRs activate G-proteins, which then trigger a signaling cascade.

Front

Describe the role of second messengers in signal transduction pathways.

Back

They amplify the signal within the cell.

Front

Which process involves the release of substances from a cell?

Back

Exocytosis

Front

How do protein kinases and protein phosphatases regulate cellular activities?

Back

By adding or removing phosphate groups from proteins

Front

Evaluate the importance of local regulators in cell communication and provide an example.

Back

Local regulators are important for short-distance signaling; an example is neurotransmitters.

Front

What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels in cellular communication?

Back

They open or close in response to a ligand binding, allowing ions to pass through.

Front

Identify the role of cAMP in signal transduction pathways.

Back

It serves as a second messenger to amplify the signal.

Front

How do plasmodesmata facilitate communication between plant cells?

Back

They enable the direct exchange of ions and small molecules between adjacent plant cells.