Organizational Culture

The shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group.

The recognized violation of social norms.

Strain Theory (Robert Merton)

Strain occurs when there is a discontinuity between the means and the ends.

An economically based system of stratification with somewhat loose social mobility based on roles in the production process rather than individual characteristics.

Sociological Imagination

The relationship between history and biography.

Information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form.

The outcome that a researcher is trying to explain.

Subverting the power of media, e.g., anti-consumerist graffiti on advertisements.

The process by which a person internalizes the values, beliefs, and norms of society and learns to function as a member of that society.

States that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere.

Reflection Theory (Marxist Version)

Argues that cultural objects reflect the material labor and production relationships that went into making them.

Any formats or vehicles that carry, present, or communicate information.

The impact of media on culture and how people and societies shape, and are shaped by, the dominant culture.

The belief that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through acquisition of material possessions.

The media can create or reinforce ethnic, racial, gender, religious, and other stereotypes.

Borrowed from Freud; developed concepts of 'I', 'me', and 'generalized other'.

An institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the basics of day-to-day life.

A change in values, beliefs, or norms through an intense social process.

A status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses of people you know.

Occurs when the roles associated with one status clash with the roles associated with a different status.

Occurs when roles associated with a single status clash.

When an individual stops engaging in a role previously central to their identity and begins the process of establishing a new identity.

Set of behavioral norms associated primarily with males or females in a given social group or system.

People give meaning or value to ideas or objects through social interactions.

Symbolic Interactionism

A micro-level theory based on the idea that people act in accordance with shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions.

An approach to studying human interaction that focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world.

Breaching Experiments (Harold Garfinkel)

Involved having collaborators exhibit 'abnormal' or 'atypical' behaviors in social interactions to see how people would react.

Form the building blocks for society and for most social interaction.

George Simmel (Groups)

Argued that the key element in determining the form of social relations in a group is the size of the group.

When a third person joins a dyad, they can be a mediator, tertius gaudens, or divide et impera.

Experiment developed in the 1940s that shows how much people are influenced by the actions or norms of a group.

A set of stories that explains our relationship to the other members of our network.

The degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network.

A gap between network clusters that would benefit from having the gap closed.

The Strength of Weak Ties

Weak ties often turn out to be quite valuable because they yield new information.

The information, knowledge of people or ideas, and connections that help individuals enter preexisting networks or gain power in them.

Any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world.

Organization Structure

The ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization.

Institutional Isomorphism

A constraining process that forces one organization to resemble other organizations that face the same set of environmental conditions.

The violation of society's formally enacted criminal laws.

Conformity (Strain Theory)

Cultural goals and institutionalized means accepted.

Innovation (Strain Theory)

Cultural goals accepted; institutionalized means declined.

Haldipur Midterm (SOC 100) Flashcards

Student preview

86 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Looking Glass Theory

Back

The 'self' emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and imagine how those others see us.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Status

Back

A position in society that comes with a set of expectations.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ascribed Status

Back

A status we are born with that is unlikely to change.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Achieved Status

Back

A status we have earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Roles

Back

Behaviors associated with a particular status.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Social Network

Back

A set of relations (a set of dyads) held together by ties between individuals.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Narrative

Back

The sum of the stories contained in a series of ties.

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