Rocks & Minerals

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Weathering

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The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

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Erosion

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Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e., weathering, glaciation).

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Deposition

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Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

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Fossils

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The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

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Rock cycle

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The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock.

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Soil formation

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Weathering of rock and the accumulation of organic material.

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Rock-forming processes

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Natural processes that lead to the formation of rocks (cooling, compaction, metamorphism).

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Igneous rock

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A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

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Metamorphic rock

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Rock that has been changed by temperature, pressure, chemically active fluids from pre-existing rocks.

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Sedimentary rock

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A type of rock that forms from the accumulation and lithification of sediment, organic materials, or chemical precipitation.