6.1 Vocabulary

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Nucleotide

Back

The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA.

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Double Helix

Back

The structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. It consists of two intertwined strands. Spiral staircase

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Hydrogen Bond

Back

A type of weak chemical bond that is responsible for the base pairing in the DNA double helix.

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Complementary Strand

Back

A strand of DNA that is complementary to another strand, meaning that the bases pair in a specific way (A with T, and C with G).

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DNA Replication

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The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.

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mRNA (messenger RNA)

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A type of RNA that carries genetic information from nucleus to cytoplassm

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

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A type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up the ribosomes. It plays a role in translating mRNA into proteins.

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tRNA (transfer RNA)

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A type of RNA that helps pick up and transport the correct amino acid to the ribosome

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Ribosome

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A complex molecular machine found within all living cells that performs biological protein synthesis (translation).