Class X - Pop Gen

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Positive assortative mating

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A mating pattern where individuals with similar phenotypes are more likely to mate with each other, increasing the likelihood of offspring with similar traits.

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Genetic drift

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A mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity.

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High fitness

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Refers to an individual's ability to survive and reproduce, leading to a high likelihood of passing on genes to the next generation.

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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

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A principle that describes a non-evolving population where allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation, assuming no evolutionary influences.

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Heterozygote advantage

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A situation in which individuals with two different alleles at a locus have a higher fitness than those with two identical alleles, often seen in balancing selection.

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Negative assortative mating

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A mating pattern where individuals with dissimilar phenotypes are more likely to mate, promoting genetic diversity.

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Founder effect

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A phenomenon that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation compared to the original population.

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Gene flow

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The transfer of genetic material between populations through migration, which can increase genetic diversity.

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Directional selection

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A type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the others, leading to a shift in allele frequencies.

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Stabilizing selection

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A type of natural selection that favors intermediate phenotypes, reducing variation and maintaining the status quo.