All species are related by common ancestry. Characteristics can be modified from generation to generation.

A change in the characteristics of a population over time.

Group of individuals of the same species at the same time.

Ability of an individual to produce offspring.

Trait that increases the fitness of an individual.

Occurs when populations diverge to form new species.

Individuals must vary in traits that are heritable. Certain versions of these traits must help individuals reproduce more than other versions.

Wrote On the Origin of Species, studied finches on the Galapagos islands.

Alfred Russel Wallace

Another lesser known evolutionary scientist.

Hereditary or genetic information is encoded in genes. Genes are units located on chromosomes.

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

Proposed chromosome theory in 1902.

1950s Chromosome Discovery

Chromosomes were discovered to be molecules of DNA. DNA is the hereditary material.

James Watson and Francis Crick

Proposed double-stranded helix model and building blocks (A, T, C, G).

DNA → RNA → Proteins. Mutations are a source of variation - influences fitness and evolution.

Established classification system, Binomial nomenclature (Genus species).

Family tree of organisms that describes the genealogical relationships among species with a single ancestral species at its base.

Actual genealogical relationships among all organisms. Fewer sequence variations between two species may indicate a closer relationship.

The effort to name and classify organisms.

Biology Basics Flashcards

Student preview

25 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Characteristics of Life

Back

Cells, Replication, Evolution, Information, Energy

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Three Theories of Biology

Back

The Cell Theory, The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Scientific Method Steps

Back

Make observations, Develop a hypothesis, Determine predictions, Test the hypothesis, Assess support for the hypothesis

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The Cell Theory

Back

All organisms are made of cells. All cells come from preexisting cells.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Robert Hooke

Back

Father of cell biology, discovered cells in a cork.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Back

Made a more powerful microscope.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Louis Pasteur

Back

Hypothesized cell theory.

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