TOPIC 12 DAY 1 DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two long strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. Each nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

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What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

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Helicase is an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow for replication.

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What is semiconservative replication?

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Semiconservative replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself, resulting in two DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one new strand.

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What role does primase play in DNA replication?

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Primase is an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer, which is necessary for DNA polymerase to begin adding DNA nucleotides during replication.

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What is the role of DNA polymerase?

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DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication and also proofreads the new DNA to ensure accuracy.

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What is the function of DNA ligase?

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DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication, sealing the gaps between them.

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What happens during the S phase of interphase?

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During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material in preparation for cell division.

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What is the significance of the complementary base pairing in DNA?

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Complementary base pairing ensures that the genetic information is accurately copied during DNA replication, maintaining the integrity of the genetic code.