Molecular Genetics Unit Review

Front

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA ligase is the enzyme responsible for gluing together the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What type of mutation occurs when a base is deleted from the DNA sequence?

Back

A frameshift mutation due to deletion of base occurs when a base is deleted from the DNA sequence.

Front

How is the DNA sequence GCTATA transcribed to mRNA?

Back

The DNA sequence GCTATA is transcribed to mRNA as CGAUAU.

Front

What type of mutation occurs when one base is substituted for another in the DNA sequence?

Back

A point mutation occurs when one base is substituted for another in the DNA sequence.

Front

What are the monomers of DNA?

Back

The monomers of DNA are nucleotides.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

Front

Define a chromosomal mutation.

Back

A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can affect many genes.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame.

Front

What are nucleotides made of?

Back

Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base.