Energy and Temperature Concepts

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Energy

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The ability to cause change.

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Temperature

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The average kinetic energy of all particles in an object or substance.

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Difference between thermal energy and temperature

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Thermal energy is the total energy of the particles, while temperature is the average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of the particles.

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Relationship between speed of particles and temperature

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The faster the particles are moving, the higher the temperature. The slower the particles are moving, the lower the temperature.

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Law of Conservation of Energy

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Energy is never created or destroyed – it only changes forms.

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Insulator

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An insulator reduces heat transfer between objects by creating a barrier that does not allow heat to flow easily. Two examples of insulators are rubber and wool.

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Order of thermal energy

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MOST thermal energy - Pot of boiling water - Mug of hot cocoa - Glass of cool water - Scoop of ice cream LEAST thermal energy

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Heat movement during melting

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As an ice cube melts, heat moves from the surroundings into the ice cube.

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Types of heat transfer

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Conduction - Heat is directly transmitted through an object or substance; ironing clothes - heat moves from the iron to the fabric by touching. Convection - Heat is transferred through a fluid (liquid or gas); warm air in a house rising to the attic and cooler air sinking to the basement. Radiation - Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves; feeling the warmth of a bonfire from a few feet away.

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Mechanical energy

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Mechanical energy is the total energy of an object (all of the kinetic and potential energy), and the overall ability of the object to do work.