Heredity and Punnett squares

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What is heredity?

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Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., TT or tt).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt).

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What is the law of segregation?

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The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

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What is the law of independent assortment?

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The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present (e.g., T in Tt).