Module 11 Practice Questions (3)

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

Back

A p-value indicates the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A low p-value suggests that the null hypothesis may be rejected.

Front

What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (α) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, indicating a statistically significant effect or difference.

Front

What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected when it is actually true.

Front

What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.

Front

What is the purpose of an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)?

Back

ANOVA is used to compare the means of three or more groups to determine if at least one group mean is significantly different from the others.

Front

What does an F-value represent in ANOVA?

Back

The F-value in ANOVA is a ratio of the variance between the group means to the variance within the groups, used to determine if the group means are significantly different.

Front

What is a matched pairs hypothesis test?

Back

A matched pairs hypothesis test is used when comparing two related groups, where each subject in one group is paired with a subject in the other group.

Front

What is the difference between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test?

Back

A one-tailed test assesses the direction of an effect (greater than or less than), while a two-tailed test assesses whether there is any difference, regardless of direction.