AP Biology - Unit 2 review

Front

Why are cells small?

Back

Cells are small because they want to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio.

Front

Which organelles evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front

What type of solution is a cell in if it has the same concentration of solutes as its surroundings?

Back

Isotonic.

Front

According to the fluid mosaic model, what can phospholipids do?

Back

Phospholipids can shift laterally along the plane of the membrane.

Front

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Back

Active transport uses ATP (energy) while passive transport does not need energy.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts?

Back

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Front

Define isotonic solution.

Back

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is the significance of the surface area-to-volume ratio in cells?

Back

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.