Cell Signaling AP Biology

Front

What is long distance signaling in animals called?

Back

Endocrine signaling is the process where hormones are released into the bloodstream to communicate with distant target cells.

Front

What is the role of a protein kinase in cell signaling?

Back

A protein kinase activates a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it, which can change the protein's activity.

Front

Define a phosphorylation cascade.

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of biochemical events where one protein kinase activates another, leading to a chain reaction of phosphorylation.

Front

What does a protein phosphatase do?

Back

A protein phosphatase removes phosphate groups from proteins, which can deactivate or alter their function.

Front

Which of the following is not a signaling step?

Back

Second messaging is not considered a primary signaling step; the main steps are reception, transduction, and response.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling where the target cells are near the signaling cells, allowing for localized communication.

Front

What is the function of G proteins in cell signaling?

Back

G proteins act as molecular switches that relay signals from receptors to target proteins inside the cell.

Front

Explain the concept of signal transduction.

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events, leading to a cellular response.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream, while exocrine signaling involves the secretion of substances through ducts to the outside of the body.

Front

What is a receptor in the context of cell signaling?

Back

A receptor is a protein on the cell surface or inside the cell that binds to signaling molecules (ligands) and initiates a cellular response.