Biology EOC Released Exam (2012)

Front

What is DNA fingerprinting?

Back

A technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.

Front

What does it mean for a trait to be x-linked and recessive?

Back

An x-linked recessive trait is one that is carried on the X chromosome and expressed only when two copies are present in females or one copy in males.

Front

What is differentiation in biology?

Back

The process by which cells develop into different types with specialized functions from a common ancestor, such as a fertilized egg.

Front

What are transgenic organisms?

Back

Organisms that have been genetically modified to contain DNA from another species.

Front

What role do autotrophs play in the carbon cycle?

Back

Autotrophs use carbon dioxide to produce glucose through photosynthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the carbon cycle?

Back

It is essential for regulating the Earth's climate and supporting life by recycling carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and geosphere.

Front

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Back

To transmit electrical signals throughout the body, facilitating communication between the brain and other body parts.

Front

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Back

To contract and enable movement in the body.

Front

What is natural selection?

Back

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is selective breeding?

Back

The process of breeding plants and animals for specific genetic traits.