Periodic Trends

Front

What is the definition of periodic trends?

Back

Periodic trends refer to the patterns and variations in the properties of elements across different periods and groups in the periodic table.

Front

What are the main periodic trends in the periodic table?

Back

The main periodic trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity.

Front

What is atomic radius?

Back

Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Front

How does atomic radius change across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

How does atomic radius change down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group because additional electron shells are added, increasing the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

How does ionization energy change across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge.

Front

How does ionization energy change down a group?

Back

Ionization energy decreases down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and experience more shielding.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

Front

How does electronegativity change across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge.