Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

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What is nitrogen fixation?

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Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a form that plants can absorb and use, primarily ammonia (NH3).

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What are the main sources of nitrogen for nitrogen fixation?

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The main sources of nitrogen for nitrogen fixation include the atmosphere, lightning, and certain fertilizers.

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How do forest fires affect the carbon cycle?

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Forest fires release carbon stored in trees and vegetation into the atmosphere, increasing carbon dioxide levels and impacting the carbon cycle.

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What role do ocean phytoplankton play in the carbon cycle?

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Ocean phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, helping to reduce atmospheric carbon levels and contributing to the carbon cycle.

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What is the significance of denitrification?

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Denitrification is the process by which bacteria convert nitrates in the soil back into nitrogen gas (N2), returning nitrogen to the atmosphere and completing the nitrogen cycle.

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What is ammonification?

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Ammonification is the process of converting organic nitrogen from dead plants and animals into ammonia (NH3) by decomposers.

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What is the impact of fertilizers on the nitrogen cycle?

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Fertilizers can increase the availability of nitrogen in the soil, promoting plant growth but can also lead to runoff and water pollution.

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What is cellular respiration?

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Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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What is the role of carbonate rocks in the carbon cycle?

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Carbonate rocks store carbon over geological timescales, and their weathering can release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.