1.5 Beyond Mendel's Laws

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Antigen

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A substance that induces an immune response, often by the production of antibodies.

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Centimorgan

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A unit of measure for genetic linkage. It represents a 1% recombination frequency between two genes.

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Codominant

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A situation in genetics where both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed.

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Epistasis

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The interaction of genes where the effect of one gene is modified by another gene.

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Expressivity

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The degree to which a genotype is expressed in an individual's phenotype.

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Genetic Heterogeneity

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A phenomenon where a single phenotype or genetic disorder may be caused by different genes or genetic mechanisms.

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Genetic Marker

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A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

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Haplotype

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A group of genes within an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.

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Heteroplasmy

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The presence of more than one type of organellar genome (such as mitochondrial DNA) within a cell or individual.

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Incomplete Dominance

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A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a new phenotype.