Midterm Review Winter 2024

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A silent mutation is a type of point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is a missense mutation?

Back

A missense mutation is a point mutation that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.

Front

What is a nonsense mutation?

Back

A nonsense mutation is a point mutation that creates a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to a truncated protein.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the codons.

Front

What is the function of ATP?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biological processes.

Front

What type of macromolecule is ATP?

Back

ATP is classified as a nucleic acid.