English grammar

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Present Perfect Tense

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Used to describe actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now. Example: 'I have visited Paris.'

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Simple Past Tense

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Used to describe actions that were completed in the past. Example: 'I visited Paris last year.'

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Modal Verbs

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Auxiliary verbs that express necessity or possibility. Examples: must, should, might.

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Infinitive Form

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The base form of a verb, often preceded by 'to'. Example: 'to be', 'to have'.

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Direct and Indirect Questions

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Direct questions ask for information directly (e.g., 'What is your name?'). Indirect questions are more polite (e.g., 'Could you tell me your name?').

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Subject-Verb Agreement

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The subject and verb must agree in number (singular or plural). Example: 'He runs' vs. 'They run.'

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Reported Speech

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Used to report what someone else has said without quoting them directly. Example: 'She said that she was tired.'

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Gerunds

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The -ing form of a verb used as a noun. Example: 'Swimming is fun.'

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Conditional Sentences

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Sentences expressing 'if' clauses that describe a condition and its result. Example: 'If it rains, I will stay home.'

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Adjective Order

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When using multiple adjectives, the order is: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose. Example: 'a lovely small old round blue French wooden table.'