Correlation and Causation

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What is correlation?

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Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other also increases, while a negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases.

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What is causation?

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Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of another event. In other words, causation implies a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

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What is the correlation coefficient?

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The correlation coefficient (r) is a numerical value that ranges from -1 to 1, indicating the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

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What does an r value of 0 indicate?

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An r value of 0 indicates no correlation between the two variables, meaning that changes in one variable do not predict changes in the other.

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What does an r value of 1 indicate?

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An r value of 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases in a perfectly linear manner.

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What does an r value of -1 indicate?

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An r value of -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases in a perfectly linear manner.

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What is a scatterplot?

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A scatterplot is a graphical representation of two variables, where each point represents an observation. It helps visualize the relationship between the variables.

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What is a line of best fit?

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A line of best fit is a straight line that best represents the data on a scatterplot. It minimizes the distance between the line and all the data points.

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What is a weak correlation?

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A weak correlation indicates that there is a slight relationship between two variables, but it is not strong enough to make reliable predictions.

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What is a strong correlation?

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A strong correlation indicates that there is a strong relationship between two variables, allowing for more reliable predictions.

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