Bio Team Benchmark Review

Front

What is a virus and how does it cause disease?

Back

A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. It causes disease by entering a host cell, replicating itself, and then lysing (breaking open) the cell, which leads to cell damage and disease.

Front

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

The primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Back

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for that protein.

Front

What is chitin and what role does it play in insects?

Back

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of insects, providing protection and support.

Front

What is chitinase and its function?

Back

Chitinase is an enzyme that breaks down chitin into smaller units, allowing organisms to utilize chitin as an energy source.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts in biochemical reactions, speeding up the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays a role in translating that information into proteins.

Front

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in cells.

Front

What is the significance of the sequence of nucleotides in DNA?

Back

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the genetic code, which dictates the synthesis of proteins and ultimately influences an organism's traits.

Front

How do viruses replicate inside a host cell?

Back

Viruses attach to a host cell, inject their genetic material, hijack the cell's machinery to produce new viral particles, and then cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses.