Semester 1 Test Review (Longer Version)

Front

What are substances known to produce or promote cancer called?

Back

Carcinogens

Front

What happens to the rate of a biochemical reaction if the activation energy is lowered?

Back

The reaction will happen faster.

Front

What are the electrons that are lost, gained, or shared in chemical bonds called?

Back

Valence electrons.

Front

What are the components of nucleotides that are not nitrogenous bases?

Back

Phosphates.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of reactions.

Front

Define activation energy in the context of chemical reactions.

Back

Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between a carcinogen and a mutagen?

Back

Carcinogens promote cancer, while mutagens cause changes in DNA that may lead to mutations.

Front

What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Back

Valence electrons determine how atoms bond and interact with each other.

Front

Explain the term 'biochemical reaction'.

Back

A biochemical reaction is a chemical process that occurs within living organisms.

Front

What is the function of ribose in nucleotides?

Back

Ribose is a sugar that forms part of the backbone of RNA.