Biology Midterm Study Guide (Units 4-6)

Front

What is crossing over during meiosis?

Back

Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

Front

What are DNA helicases?

Back

DNA helicases are enzymes that unwind and unzip the double helix structure of DNA during replication.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations are insertions, deletions, and substitutions.

Front

What is the purpose of chitin and cellulose?

Back

Chitin and cellulose serve structural purposes in organisms, providing support and protection.

Front

What did Rosalind Franklin's x-ray photograph reveal?

Back

It revealed the double-helix structure of DNA, which is crucial for understanding its function.

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the instructions for building proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits.

Front

What is the significance of genetic variation?

Back

Genetic variation is important for evolution and adaptation, allowing populations to survive changing environments.

Front

What are linked genes?

Back

Linked genes are genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.