Genetics Vocabulary

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Genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor

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Recessive trait: A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

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How a trait appears or is expressed

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Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

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Passing of traits from parents to offspring

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Heredity: The process through which traits are passed from parents to their children.

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Different form of a gene

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Allele: Variants of a gene that can result in different traits.

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Model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

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Punnett Square: A diagram that shows the possible combinations of alleles from parents.

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The genetic makeup of an organism

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Genotype: The set of genes that an organism carries.

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An organism with two identical alleles for a trait

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Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

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An organism with two different alleles for a trait

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Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

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The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

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Locus: The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to a new trait

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Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can result in a different phenotype.