Biology Fall Final Review

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group.

Front

What is deoxyribose sugar?

Back

Deoxyribose sugar is a five-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of DNA, lacking one oxygen atom compared to ribose.

Front

What is a nitrogenous base?

Back

A nitrogenous base is a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base; in DNA, the four types are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Front

What is a phosphate group?

Back

A phosphate group is a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, important in the structure of DNA and RNA.

Front

What amino acid is represented by the codon CAG?

Back

Glutamine.

Front

What are frameshift mutations?

Back

Frameshift mutations are genetic mutations caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that change the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

Why are frameshift mutations harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which alters the entire amino acid sequence.

Front

What is the complementary DNA sequence for CGTACG?

Back

GCATGC.

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

rRNA is a component of ribosomes that helps catalyze protein synthesis.