Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis

Flashcard
•
Biology
•
9th Grade
•
Hard
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15 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the structure of DNA?
Back
DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is mRNA and its role in protein synthesis?
Back
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
Back
In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is transcription?
Back
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is translation?
Back
Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a frameshift mutation?
Back
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is an insertion mutation?
Back
An insertion mutation is a type of frameshift mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence.
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