🎯#7 Final/Keystone Flashcardizz Review: Molecular Genetics

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helix structure composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are nucleotides?

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Nucleotides are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is a stop codon?

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A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the end of translation, stopping the synthesis of a protein.

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How does DNA determine traits?

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DNA codes for proteins, which are responsible for the physical traits and functions of an organism.

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into polypeptides (proteins).