Genetic Disorders and Mutations Flashcard

Front

What pattern in a pedigree suggests an autosomal dominant trait?

Back

Appears in every generation.

Front

What is an X-linked recessive disorder primarily affecting males?

Back

Color blindness.

Front

What process converts DNA to mRNA during protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a complete codon?

Back

Three.

Front

Which genetic disorder causes progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass?

Back

Muscular dystrophy.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic disorders.

Front

Define autosomal recessive trait.

Back

A trait that requires two copies of the recessive allele to be expressed.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of converting DNA to mRNA; translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is a pedigree chart?

Back

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.