AP Bio Midterm Review

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

The electron transport chain transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, using the energy released to pump H+ ions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.

Front

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine in DNA?

Back

2 hydrogen bonds.

Front

What are the functions of membrane proteins in the phospholipid bilayer?

Back

Membrane proteins serve various functions such as transport, signaling, enzymatic activity, and adhesion.

Front

What is the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?

Back

The phospholipid bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Front

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

Back

Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

Front

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Back

The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with various proteins floating in or on the fluid lipid bilayer, allowing for flexibility and movement.

Front

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Back

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.