DNA Structure, Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is tRNA and its function?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides and proofreading the newly formed strands.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.