Scientific rev & enlightenment Flashcard

Front

Known as the father of economics

Back

Adam Smith

Answer explanation

Adam Smith is widely regarded as the father of economics due to his influential work 'The Wealth of Nations', which laid the foundations for classical economics and introduced key concepts such as the division of labor and free markets.

Front

Leviathan was

Back

A book written by Thomas Hobbes

Answer explanation

Leviathan is a significant work written by Thomas Hobbes in 1651, discussing the structure of society and legitimate government. It is not a pamphlet by John Locke, a term for the Enlightenment, or a composition by Mozart.

Front

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” These ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

Back

John Locke

Answer explanation

The quotation reflects John Locke's philosophy on natural rights, emphasizing equality and unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which influenced the Declaration of Independence.

Front

The scientific revolution led philosophers to

Back

Apply the scientific method to the human condition

Answer explanation

The scientific revolution encouraged philosophers to use the scientific method to analyze human behavior and society, leading to a more empirical approach to understanding the human condition, rather than abandoning faith or promoting violence.

Front

The first person to publish a statement of the heliocentric theory was

Back

Copernicus

Answer explanation

The heliocentric theory, which posits that the Sun is at the center of the universe, was first published by Copernicus in his work 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' in 1543, making him the correct answer.

Front

The process of observing, hypothesizing, and experimenting to make a scientific law is

Back

Scientific Method

Answer explanation

The Scientific Method is the systematic process of observing, hypothesizing, and experimenting to develop scientific laws. It is fundamental to scientific inquiry, distinguishing it from concepts like Natural Law or the Scientific Revolution.

Front

In the scientific method, which is the first step?

Back

Making observations

Answer explanation

The first step in the scientific method is making observations. This involves gathering data and noticing phenomena, which leads to questions and hypotheses, setting the stage for further investigation.

Front

Who made the first encyclopedia?

Back

Denis Diderot

Answer explanation

Denis Diderot, along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert, co-edited the "Encyclopédie" in the 18th century, which is considered the first modern encyclopedia, compiling knowledge across various fields.

Front

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they challenged older order and ways of thinking.

Back

Challenged older order and ways of thinking

Answer explanation

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they challenged the established order and traditional ways of thinking, promoting new ideas that threatened existing power structures.

Front

A scientific theory made to explain a set of facts is called

Back

Hypothesis

Answer explanation

A hypothesis is a scientific theory proposed to explain a set of facts. It serves as a starting point for further investigation, distinguishing it from questions, tests, or experiments.