AP Bio Unit 2 Review

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is phagocytosis?

Back

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or cells, such as bacteria, by wrapping around them.

Front

What role do aquaporins play in osmosis?

Back

Aquaporins are membrane proteins that facilitate the rapid transport of water across the cell membrane, speeding up the process of osmosis.

Front

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Back

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotic cells.

Front

What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of DNA, similar to prokaryotic DNA, supporting their evolutionary origin.

Front

Define osmosis.

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions?

Back

Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations, hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentrations outside the cell, and hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentrations outside the cell.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, allowing them to produce some of their own proteins necessary for their function.

Front

How do cells transport large or charged molecules across the cell membrane?

Back

Large or charged molecules are transported across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion through specific transport proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the double membrane structure of mitochondria?

Back

The double membrane structure of mitochondria allows for compartmentalization, which is essential for the processes of cellular respiration.