Unit 1: Macromolecules Review 2023

Front

What is a macromolecule?

Back

A macromolecule is a large, complex molecule, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, that are essential for life.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the primary function of enzymes?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.

Front

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

Back

When an enzyme is denatured, its active site changes shape, preventing it from binding to its substrate and slowing down or stopping the reaction.

Front

What is activation energy?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Front

How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature and pH; each enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH at which it functions best.

Front

What is a carbohydrate?

Back

A carbohydrate is an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1, and serves as a primary energy source.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What is a lipid?

Back

A lipid is a macromolecule that is hydrophobic and includes fats, oils, and phospholipids, primarily used for energy storage and cell membrane structure.