AP Bio Midterm Review

Front

What type of cell has a nucleus?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

What is the function of membrane proteins in the phospholipid bilayer?

Back

Membrane proteins serve various functions such as transport, signaling, enzymatic activity, and adhesion.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which an external signal becomes an internal cellular response.

Front

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Back

The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide.

Front

Which checkpoint involves ensuring all DNA has been replicated and 'no' errors exist?

Back

The G2 checkpoint ensures all DNA has been replicated and checks for errors.

Front

Define eukaryotic cells.

Back

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are found in organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

Explain the structure of the phospholipid bilayer.

Back

The phospholipid bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipids, with hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads facing outward and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint assesses cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity before the cell enters the S phase of the cell cycle.

Front

Describe the process of photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.