Protein synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, which occurs in the cytoplasm.

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What is mRNA?

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Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is tRNA?

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Transfer RNA, a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

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What is rRNA?

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Ribosomal RNA, a component of ribosomes that helps facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

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The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.