Final Exam Review #1

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.

Front

What are the main components of a DNA molecule?

Back

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA affect protein synthesis?

Back

The sequence of nucleotides determines the order of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately affects the protein's structure and function.

Front

What role do lipids play in cellular function?

Back

Lipids serve as energy storage molecules, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules.

Front

What is the structure of a DNA double helix?

Back

The DNA double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Front

What is the significance of the nucleolus in a cell?

Back

The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes.

Front

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

How do vacuoles function in plant cells?

Back

Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

Front

What is the role of proteins in biological systems?

Back

Proteins perform a wide range of functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells.