Biology EOC Review

Front

What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Back

A scientific law describes observed events in nature, while a scientific theory explains why those events occur, both being based on extensive evidence.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be recessive?

Back

An allele is recessive if its trait only appears in the phenotype when two copies are present (homozygous).

Front

What are the main differences between plant cells and animal cells?

Back

Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells do not.

Front

What is cell theory?

Back

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

What role do proteins play in biochemical reactions?

Back

Proteins, specifically enzymes, act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions in cells.

Front

What happens if a protein catalyst is not produced due to a genetic defect?

Back

The reaction that the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a trait, one dominant and one recessive.

Front

What is a homozygous genotype?

Back

A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a trait, either both dominant or both recessive.

Front

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

What is the significance of a large central vacuole in plant cells?

Back

The large central vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure.