Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is tRNA?

Back

tRNA, or transfer RNA, is a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is rRNA?

Back

rRNA, or ribosomal RNA, is a type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

How many types of RNA are there?

Back

There are three main types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.