Unit 4 Review

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is made up of three components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of the start codon in protein synthesis?

Back

The start codon signals the beginning of translation and is necessary for the ribosome to initiate protein synthesis.

Front

What type of mutation is represented by the change from T-G-A-C to T-G-A-G?

Back

This is a substitution mutation, where one base is replaced by another.

Front

If a rabbit has brown fur, what can be inferred about its genotype?

Back

The rabbit's genotype must be bb, as brown fur is recessive.

Front

What are the possible effects of mutations?

Back

Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral.

Front

Define a mutation.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

Back

Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits are expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

Front

What is tRNA and its function?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

Explain the concept of genetic inheritance.

Back

Genetic inheritance is the process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.