DNA Test Review

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 different amino acids used in protein synthesis.

Front

What process creates a chain of amino acids?

Back

Translation is the process that creates a chain of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Front

What three components make up a nucleotide in DNA?

Back

A nucleotide in DNA is made up of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Back

The lagging strand is the strand of DNA that is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Front

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing Okazaki fragments together?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that seals Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow replication.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What are nitrogenous bases?

Back

Nitrogenous bases are the components of nucleotides in DNA and RNA, which include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments in the opposite direction.