AP Stats Review Flashcard A Day

Front

What is Undercoverage in survey sampling?

Back

Undercoverage occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample, leading to biased results.

Front

Define Voluntary Response Bias.

Back

Voluntary Response Bias occurs when individuals can choose whether or not to participate in a survey, often leading to a sample that is not representative of the population.

Front

What is Nonresponse Bias?

Back

Nonresponse Bias occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, which can skew the results if the nonrespondents differ significantly from respondents.

Front

Explain Response Bias.

Back

Response Bias occurs when participants provide inaccurate or false responses, often due to misunderstanding questions or social desirability.

Front

What does a boxplot represent?

Back

A boxplot visually summarizes the distribution of a dataset, showing the median, quartiles, and potential outliers.

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normally distributed if the sample size is sufficiently large, regardless of the population's distribution.

Front

How do you calculate the standard error of the mean?

Back

The standard error of the mean (SEM) is calculated as the standard deviation (σ) divided by the square root of the sample size (n): SEM = σ/√n.

Front

What is a Venn diagram used for in statistics?

Back

A Venn diagram is used to illustrate the relationships between different sets, showing how they overlap and the proportions of each set.

Front

Define skewness in a dataset.

Back

Skewness measures the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable, indicating whether data points are concentrated on one side of the mean.

Front

What does it mean if a distribution is symmetric?

Back

A symmetric distribution has a mirror image on either side of its center, meaning the left and right sides of the distribution are approximately equal.