Unit 4 Review

Front

What is gene expression?

Back

The production of proteins based on the genetic information in DNA.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

Front

What is translation in genetics?

Back

The process in which the genetic code in RNA is converted into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What process is involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Back

Translation.

Front

What is an example of environmental influence on gene expression?

Back

A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition.

Front

Define transcription.

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Back

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is the difference between replication and transcription?

Back

Replication copies the entire DNA molecule, while transcription copies a specific segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is a polypeptide chain?

Back

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which forms proteins.

Front

What is the significance of homologous chromosomes?

Back

They are pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes but may have different alleles.