AP Biology Unit 4

Front

What occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor?

Back

A conformational change in the shape of the receptor.

Front

What evidence supports the idea that cell communication has evolved over billions of years?

Back

The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is signal amplification in cell signaling?

Back

The process by which a small number of signaling molecules can produce a large response in the target cell.

Front

What is the difference between interphase and mitotic phase in the cell cycle?

Back

Interphase is the phase where the cell grows and prepares for division, while mitotic phase is when the cell actually divides.

Front

What type of feedback does the release of ADH represent when we are dehydrated?

Back

Negative feedback.

Front

Define signal transduction pathway.

Back

A series of molecular events and reactions that lead to a cellular response following the binding of a signaling molecule to a receptor.

Front

What is the role of kinases in cell signaling?

Back

Kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups to other molecules, often proteins, which can activate or deactivate signaling pathways.

Front

Explain the concept of homeostasis in biological systems.

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.

Front

What is the function of G-proteins in cell signaling?

Back

G-proteins act as molecular switches that relay signals from receptors to target proteins inside the cell.

Front

Describe the role of receptors in cell communication.

Back

Receptors are proteins that bind to signaling molecules (ligands) and initiate a cellular response.