Acids and Bases

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Acid

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Substances like Coca-Cola, vinegar, and ants contain acids such as carbonic, ethanoic, lactic, and formic acid.

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Base

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Common household items like shampoo, soap, detergent, antacid, and toothpaste are bases or alkalis.

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Svante Arrhenius

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A scientist known for his work on ions and electrolytes.

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Ions

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Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.

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Hydrogen ion

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A hydrogen ion is a positively charged ion (H+) formed when a hydrogen atom loses its electron, more likely to be found in acids

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Hydroxide ion

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A hydroxide ion is a negatively charged ion (OH-) consisting of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom, more likely to be found in bases.

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Hydronium ion

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A positively charged ion formed when an acid dissolves in water.

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pH

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A scale used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.

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Indicators

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Indicators are substances that change color to show the pH level of a solution.

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Neutralization

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Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt, resulting in a solution with a neutral pH.